Short answer
Yes. The Qur'an says God (﷾) made the earth a wide expanse, "and the mountains as pegs". A peg is mostly hidden in the ground. In the 1800s, surveyors in India used plumb-lines, weights hung on a string to show straight down. In 1855 it was shown that the Himalayas pulled them sideways far less than they should. Scientists worked out why. Great mountain ranges have deep roots of crust below them, often reaching far deeper than the peaks are high. The Qur'an, revealed to the Prophet (ﷺ) in the desert of Arabia, chose an everyday picture that fits. It is not a geology lesson. Islam teaches that it is a sign from the One who made the earth.
Full explanation
What the Qur'an says
The Qur'an calls the mountains awtad, the word for the pegs that hold a tent to the ground. Elsewhere it says God (﷾) firmly fixed them. Most of a peg lies hidden below the ground. So does most of a mountain range.
“Have We not made the earth as a wide expanse, And the mountains as pegs?”
“And the mountains hath He firmly fixed;-”
How mountain roots were found
In the survey of India, the Himalayas should have pulled the surveyors' plumb-lines sideways by a set amount. John Pratt, an English mathematician and senior churchman in Calcutta, showed in 1855 that the pull was much smaller. George Airy, Britain's Astronomer Royal, explained it the same year. Under a range, the crust thickens downward into a root of lighter rock. That root reaches deep into the denser rock below, and it keeps the range in balance. Geologists still teach this. The root can reach several times deeper than the peaks are high.
Calculates how strongly the mass of the Himalayas should pull the plumb-lines of the survey of India, and shows that the pull actually measured was much smaller than the visible mountains required.
Explains the small pull of the Himalayas by proposing that a mountain range is held up by a root of lighter crust reaching down into the denser rock beneath, much as a floating block rides deep in water. This became the standard account of mountain roots.
What no one could see in the seventh century
No one in the seventh century could measure what lies under a mountain range. No one could know that its root can reach several times deeper than its peaks rise. The Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet (ﷺ), a man who could not read, long before any survey or instrument. It used a plain word that fits what was found twelve centuries later. The claim is not that the verse teaches geology. It is that the Qur'an says nothing about mountains that later knowledge has had to correct.
“Have We not made the earth as a wide expanse, And the mountains as pegs?”
Explains the small pull of the Himalayas by proposing that a mountain range is held up by a root of lighter crust reaching down into the denser rock beneath, much as a floating block rides deep in water. This became the standard account of mountain roots.
"Lest it should shake": the earth made steady
The Qur'an says the mountains were set firm "lest it should shake with you". It does not say earthquakes cannot happen. The objections are answered below, and the full answer is on the page about mountains and earthquakes.
“And He has set up on the earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with you; and rivers and roads; that ye may guide yourselves;”
The objections answered
Qur'an 16:15 — Surat al-Nahl (The Bee), verse 15
“And He has set up on the earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with you; and rivers and roads; that ye may guide yourselves;”
Cited for
Critics say the Qur'an claims mountains keep the earth from shaking, yet earthquakes still happen.
The response
The verse says the mountains were set "lest it should shake with you". The Arabic word is tamida, to sway or be unsettled. For earthquakes the Qur'an uses other words, rajfah and zilzal. The verse promises a steady home for people, not ground that never trembles. A builder who puts a house on firm foundations has not promised that it will never feel a tremor. The full answer is on the page about mountains and earthquakes.
Where it lands — The verse speaks of the earth made steady for people to live on, and it does not use the Qur'an's words for earthquakes.
Qur'an 78:6-7 — Surat al-Naba (The Announcement), verses 6-7
“Have We not made the earth as a wide expanse, And the mountains as pegs?”
Cited for
Critics say pegs are the same kind of ancient picture as the Bible's pillars of the earth, so the Qur'an makes the same mistake.
The response
A tent peg holds a tent to the ground. It does not hold the ground up. The Bible says God (﷾) set the world on the pillars of the earth. It says they tremble when He shakes it (1 Samuel 2:8; Job 9:6). The Qur'an never sets the earth on pillars. The claim here is only that the peg picture fits the part of a mountain range that is hidden below.
Where it lands — A peg holds a tent down, while pillars are what the Bible sets the earth on. The Qur'an has pegs and no pillars.
Perspectives
The Islamic perspective
The Qur'an's picture of mountains as pegs, revealed to the Prophet (ﷺ), fits what geology found in the nineteenth century. It says nothing about mountains that later knowledge has had to correct. It is one sign among many.
The Qur'an calls the mountains pegs and says God (﷾) firmly fixed them.
Mountain ranges have deep roots of thickened crust. This was found from the Himalayan survey of India and explained by Airy in 1855.
Nobody in seventh-century Arabia could measure how deep mountain roots go. So the fitting image is a sign that the Qur'an is from God (﷾).
"Lest it should shake" translates tamida, which means to sway or be unsettled. The Qur'an uses different words, rajfah and zilzal, for earthquakes. So the verse does not say earthquakes cannot happen.
The Qur'an teaches that God (﷾) made the earth a steady, settled home for people. He set the mountains firm in it.