Short answer
Yes. In 1 Corinthians 11:14, Paul says nature itself teaches that long hair is a shame to a man. The Law of Moses says otherwise. A man under the Nazarite vow, a vow to be set apart for God (﷾), had to let his hair grow. The Law calls him holy. Samson was a Nazarite from the womb, and Samuel's mother vowed that no razor would touch his head. In Jerusalem Paul was told to join four men under a vow like this and to pay for their heads to be shaved. He did so. The New Testament Gospels never describe Jesus' hair. But the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) saw Jesus in a dream with long hair falling between his shoulders. So Paul's view is his own, and it clashes with the Law and with the Jesus the Prophet (ﷺ) saw.
Full explanation
What Paul wrote
Paul was a Christian missionary of the first century. He wrote his first letter to the church in Corinth, a Greek city. In it he asks whether nature itself does not teach that long hair is a shame to a man. Christians read the passage as guidance on how men and women should present themselves in worship.
“Doth not even nature itself teach you, that, if a man have long hair, it is a shame unto him?”
The Law makes long hair holy
The Law of Moses is the first five books of the Bible. It tells the man who takes the Nazarite vow to let the locks of his hair grow. It says that during the vow he is holy. Samson was a Nazarite from the womb, and no razor was to come on his head. Samuel's mother vowed before his birth that no razor would come upon his head. In the Old Testament a man's uncut hair is a sign that he belongs to God (﷾).
“All the days of the vow of his separation there shall no razor come upon his head: until the days be fulfilled, in the which he separateth himself unto the Lord, he shall be holy, and shall let the locks of the hair of his head grow.”
“For, lo, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and no razor shall come on his head: for the child shall be a Nazarite unto God from the womb: and he shall begin to deliver Israel out of the hand of the Philistines.”
“That he told her all his heart, and said unto her, There hath not come a razor upon mine head; for I have been a Nazarite unto God from my mother’s womb: if I be shaven, then my strength will go from me, and I shall become weak, and be like any other man.”
“And she vowed a vow, and said, O Lord of hosts, if thou wilt indeed look on the affliction of thine handmaid, and remember me, and not forget thine handmaid, but wilt give unto thine handmaid a man child, then I will give him unto the Lord all the days of his life, and there shall no razor come upon his head.”
Paul honoured the vow himself
When Paul came to Jerusalem, the elders told him to join four men who had taken a vow. He was to purify himself with them and pay for them to shave their heads when it ended. Paul did so and went with them into the Temple. The Nazarite vow also ended with shaving the head. So Paul honoured a vow like that in the Temple, yet called long hair shameful in his letter.
“Do therefore this that we say to thee: We have four men which have a vow on them; Them take, and purify thyself with them, and be at charges with them, that they may shave their heads: and all may know that those things, whereof they were informed concerning thee, are nothing; but that thou thyself also walkest orderly, and keepest the law. As touching the Gentiles which believe, we have written and concluded that they observe no such thing, save only that they keep themselves from things offered to idols, and from blood, and from strangled, and from fornication. Then Paul took the men, and the next day purifying himself with them entered into the temple, to signify the accomplishment of the days of purification, until that an offering should be offered for every one of them.”
How Jesus appeared
The New Testament Gospels say nothing about Jesus' hair. In one report, the Prophet (ﷺ) described Jesus as he saw him in a dream near the Ka'ba. He was a brown-skinned man whose long hair fell between his shoulders. Yet Paul calls a shame the very thing the Prophet (ﷺ) saw on Jesus.
Abdullah ibn Umar reports that the Prophet (ﷺ) described a dream in which he saw, near the Ka'ba, a brown-skinned man with long, straight hair falling between his shoulders and water dripping from his head, and was told that this was Jesus, son of Mary.
Verse by verse
1 Corinthians 11:14 — First Epistle to the Corinthians, chapter 11, verse 14
“Doth not even nature itself teach you, that, if a man have long hair, it is a shame unto him?”
Cited for
"Nature" here means the custom of the time. Long hair on men was shameful in Corinth, and the Nazarite vow was a rare exception.
The response
Paul does not say custom teaches it. He says nature itself teaches it. And the Law does not treat the Nazarite's hair as a shame God (﷾) allowed for a while. It calls the man holy while it grows, and Samson was set apart this way from the womb. What God (﷾) calls holy cannot be something nature teaches is shameful.
Where it lands — Paul's appeal to nature does not fit the Law, which makes the Nazarite's long hair a mark of holiness.
Perspectives
Mainstream Christian
Paul is teaching about order and modesty in worship in Corinth. By "nature" he means the settled custom that marked men from women. The Nazarite vow was a special, temporary act of devotion, and it stood out because it was unusual.
Paul's word "nature" refers to the ordinary custom of his readers, not a law written into creation.
Rebuttal
Paul was writing to one church about worship, and that is granted. But he wrote "nature itself", not custom. And the Law, not custom, calls the Nazarite holy while his hair grows. What God (﷾) calls holy is not shameful by nature.
The Nazarite vow was a rare exception. Long hair was a visible sign only because men did not normally wear it.
Rebuttal
The vow was unusual, and that is granted. But being rare does not make something shameful. The Law says the man "shall be holy", and Samson was a Nazarite from the womb, not for a short time.
The Islamic perspective
Paul's teaching on hair is his own opinion. It clashes with the Law and with the Jesus the Prophet (ﷺ) saw. It is one more place where Paul's own view departs from the Law he claimed to keep.
Paul says nature itself teaches that long hair is a shame to a man.
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) described Jesus, seen in a dream, with long hair falling between his shoulders.
The Law of Moses calls the Nazarite holy while he lets his hair grow. Samson was a Nazarite from the womb, and Samuel's mother vowed before his birth that no razor would touch his head.
The elders told Paul to join four men under a vow and pay for the shaving of their heads. Paul went with them into the Temple.