Short answer
No. The Qur'an tells Muslims to follow the Prophet (ﷺ) and the revelation sent down to him, not the Bible as it now stands. It says some people wrote the Book with their own hands and called it God's (﷾) word. Others moved words from their places, and Christians forgot a good part of their message. Some of the People of the Book disputed a point of food law. The Qur'an told them to bring the Torah and read it out. It called their book as a witness, not as its judge. It calls itself the guardian over the books before it. Ibn Abbas, the Prophet's (ﷺ) cousin, asked why Muslims should ask the People of the Book (Jews and Christians) anything. The Muslims' own Book, he said, is the newest from God (﷾) and has not been changed. Verses quoted the other way (5:47, 5:68, 10:94, 6:115) are answered below.
Full explanation
The command to the Muslim
The Qur'an's command to its readers is about one revelation: follow what has been sent down to you from your Lord. It calls itself muhaymin, a guardian and watcher, over the scripture before it. It tells the Prophet (ﷺ) to judge by what God (﷾) revealed to him, not by the wishes of others. He must beware of being lured away from any of it.
“Follow (O men!) the revelation given unto you from your Lord, and follow not, as friends or protectors, other than Him. Little it is ye remember of admonition.”
“To thee We sent the Scripture in truth, confirming the scripture that came before it, and guarding it in safety: so judge between them by what Allah hath revealed, and follow not their vain desires, diverging from the Truth that hath come to thee. To each among you have we prescribed a law and an open way. If Allah had so willed, He would have made you a single people, but (His plan is) to test you in what He hath given you: so strive as in a race in all virtues. The goal of you all is to Allah; it is He that will show you the truth of the matters in which ye dispute;”
“And this (He commands): Judge thou between them by what Allah hath revealed, and follow not their vain desires, but beware of them lest they beguile thee from any of that (teaching) which Allah hath sent down to thee. And if they turn away, be assured that for some of their crime it is Allah's purpose to punish them. And truly most men are rebellious.”
The one to follow is the Prophet (ﷺ)
Allah (﷾) says He sent every messenger to be obeyed. He swears that no one truly believes until he makes the Prophet (ﷺ) judge every dispute. A believer must also accept the decision without resistance in his heart. Allah (﷾) tells all people to believe in Allah (﷾) and His Messenger, the unlettered Prophet (ﷺ), and to follow him. He says the People of the Book, the Jews and Christians, find this Prophet (ﷺ) mentioned in their own Torah and Injil. The Qur'an sends Muslims to him, not to the Bible.
“We sent not a messenger, but to be obeyed, in accordance with the will of Allah. If they had only, when they were unjust to themselves, come unto thee and asked Allah's forgiveness, and the Messenger had asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah indeed Oft-returning, Most Merciful.”
“But no, by the Lord, they can have no (real) Faith, until they make thee judge in all disputes between them, and find in their souls no resistance against Thy decisions, but accept them with the fullest conviction.”
“"Those who follow the messenger, the unlettered Prophet, whom they find mentioned in their own (scriptures),- in the law and the Gospel;- for he commands them what is just and forbids them what is evil; he allows them as lawful what is good (and pure) and prohibits them from what is bad (and impure); He releases them from their heavy burdens and from the yokes that are upon them. So it is those who believe in him, honour him, help him, and follow the light which is sent down with him,- it is they who will prosper."”
“Say: "O men! I am sent unto you all, as the Messenger of Allah, to Whom belongeth the dominion of the heavens and the earth: there is no god but He: it is He That giveth both life and death. So believe in Allah and His Messenger, the Unlettered Prophet, who believeth in Allah and His words: follow him that (so) ye may be guided."”
What the Qur'an says of the text in men's hands
The Qur'an says some wrote the Book with their own hands and said it was from God (﷾), to sell it for a small price. It says some twisted the Book with their tongues, so that what was not part of it sounded as if it were. It says some displaced words from their right places. It says those who call themselves Christians forgot a good part of the message sent to them. A Book that says this of another book is not sending anyone to obey it.
“Then woe to those who write the Book with their own hands, and then say:"This is from Allah," to traffic with it for miserable price!- Woe to them for what their hands do write, and for the gain they make thereby.”
“There is among them a section who distort the Book with their tongues: (As they read) you would think it is a part of the Book, but it is no part of the Book; and they say, "That is from Allah," but it is not from Allah: It is they who tell a lie against Allah, and (well) they know it!”
“Of the Jews there are those who displace words from their (right) places, and say: "We hear and we disobey"; and "Hear what is not Heard"; and "Ra'ina"; with a twist of their tongues and a slander to Faith. If only they had said: "What hear and we obey"; and "Do hear"; and "Do look at us"; it would have been better for them, and more proper; but Allah hath cursed them for their Unbelief; and but few of them will believe.”
“From those, too, who call themselves Christians, We did take a covenant, but they forgot a good part of the message that was sent them: so we estranged them, with enmity and hatred between the one and the other, to the day of judgment. And soon will Allah show them what it is they have done.”
Bring the Torah and read it
Some of the People of the Book disputed the Qur'an on food laws. The Qur'an did not tell Muslims to defer to their scripture. It tells the Prophet (ﷺ) to challenge them: bring the Law and study it, if you are truthful. That is the language of someone asking to see the evidence, sure the Torah would bear the Qur'an out. The Torah is called as a witness, not obeyed as a judge.
“All food was lawful to the Children of Israel, except what Israel Made unlawful for itself, before the Law (of Moses) was revealed. Say: "Bring ye the Law and study it, if ye be men of truth."”
Only the last Book is promised protection
The Qur'an says God (﷾) Himself sent down this Message and will guard it. It makes no such promise for the copies of earlier scripture, and it says men altered those copies. Of the Torah it says its protection was entrusted to the rabbis and doctors of law.
“We have, without doubt, sent down the Message; and We will assuredly guard it (from corruption).”
“Then woe to those who write the Book with their own hands, and then say:"This is from Allah," to traffic with it for miserable price!- Woe to them for what their hands do write, and for the gain they make thereby.”
“It was We who revealed the law (to Moses): therein was guidance and light. By its standard have been judged the Jews, by the prophets who bowed (as in Islam) to Allah's will, by the rabbis and the doctors of law: for to them was entrusted the protection of Allah's book, and they were witnesses thereto: therefore fear not men, but fear me, and sell not my signs for a miserable price. If any do fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (no better than) Unbelievers.”
The Bible's own prophet made the charge too
Jeremiah, a prophet of the Bible around 600 BC, told the people of Judah that they had perverted the words of the living God (﷾). He also said the false pen of the scribes had made the law a lie. A Christian may object that a Muslim has no right to say scribes changed his scripture. But his own prophet made a like charge against the scribes of his day.
“And the burden of the Lord shall ye mention no more: for every man’s word shall be his burden; for ye have perverted the words of the living God, of the Lord of hosts our God.”
““ ‘How do you say, “We are wise, and Yahweh’s law is with us?” But, behold, the false pen of the scribes has made that a lie.”
Ibn Abbas: why ask them at all?
Ibn Abbas, a companion and cousin of the Prophet (ﷺ), told the Muslims not to ask the People of the Book about anything. The Muslims' own Book, he said, is the newest from Allah (﷾), and they read it pure and unchanged. The People of the Book changed theirs and wrote it with their own hands. They said it was from Allah (﷾), to sell it for a little gain. His question was why anyone with the last revelation would turn to the changed ones.
Ibn Abbas said to the Muslims: why do you ask the People of the Book about anything, when your Book, revealed to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), is the newest and you read it pure and unchanged? Allah has told you that they changed the Book of Allah and altered it, wrote the Book with their own hands and said it was from Allah, to sell it for a little gain. Does the knowledge that has come to you not keep you from asking them? He added that, by Allah, they had never seen a man of them ask the Muslims about what was revealed to them. The same report is in Bukhari 2685.
How a Muslim reads the Bible
To a Muslim the Bible is a witness, not his authority. Where it agrees with the Qur'an, he recognises the old revelation surviving in it. Examples are the oneness of God (﷾), the prophets, the moral law and the judgement. Where it contradicts the Qur'an, or itself, he knows it is the work of men. On what he cannot check, the Prophet (ﷺ) told Muslims neither to believe it nor to deny it.
Abu Hurayra reports that the People of the Book used to read the Torah in Hebrew and explain it in Arabic to the Muslims. The Prophet (ﷺ) told the Muslims neither to believe them nor to call them liars, but to say: we believe in Allah and in what was revealed to us (Qur'an 2:136).
“To thee We sent the Scripture in truth, confirming the scripture that came before it, and guarding it in safety: so judge between them by what Allah hath revealed, and follow not their vain desires, diverging from the Truth that hath come to thee. To each among you have we prescribed a law and an open way. If Allah had so willed, He would have made you a single people, but (His plan is) to test you in what He hath given you: so strive as in a race in all virtues. The goal of you all is to Allah; it is He that will show you the truth of the matters in which ye dispute;”
Verse by verse
Qur'an 5:47 — Surat al-Ma'ida (The Table), verse 47
“Let the people of the Gospel judge by what Allah hath revealed therein. If any do fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (no better than) those who rebel.”
Cited for
Christians say that if the people of the Injil are told to judge by it, the book they held must have been reliable.
The response
The verse says to judge by what Allah (﷾) revealed in it: the revelation, wherever it survives in the text, not everything bound between the covers. Islam holds the scripture was partly altered, not wholly lost, and what survived told of the last Prophet (ﷺ) (7:157). The very next verse makes the Qur'an the guardian over that scripture and tells the Prophet (ﷺ) to judge by what God (﷾) revealed to him.
Where it lands — The verse points to what God (﷾) revealed, and the verse after it makes the Qur'an the measure of it.
Qur'an 5:68 — Surat al-Ma'ida (The Table), verse 68
“Say: "O People of the Book! ye have no ground to stand upon unless ye stand fast by the Law, the Gospel, and all the revelation that has come to you from your Lord." It is the revelation that cometh to thee from thy Lord, that increaseth in most of them their obstinate rebellion and blasphemy. But sorrow thou not over (these) people without Faith.”
Cited for
Christians say the Qur'an tells them to stand by the Torah and the Injil, so those books are still valid as they are.
The response
The verse names three things: the Torah, the Injil and the revelation that has now come to them from their Lord. Ibn Kathir explains that the Torah and the Injil, truly followed, command belief in the Prophet (ﷺ). The Qur'an says he is found mentioned in their Torah and Injil.
Where it lands — The verse tells the People of the Book that their own books, truly followed, lead to the Qur'an. They may not keep them instead of it.
Qur'an 10:94 — Surat Yunus (Jonas), verse 94
“If thou wert in doubt as to what We have revealed unto thee, then ask those who have been reading the Book from before thee: the Truth hath indeed come to thee from thy Lord: so be in no wise of those in doubt.”
Cited for
Christians say the Qur'an sends Muhammad (ﷺ) himself to the People of the Book, so their Book must be the authority.
The response
The verse is spoken to the Prophet (ﷺ) and framed as a condition: "if". It ends by saying the truth has indeed come to him from his Lord. It calls on those who read the earlier Book as witnesses to what was revealed to him, not as judges over it. Ibn Kathir explains that the 'if' is a condition. It does not mean the Prophet (ﷺ) ever doubted.
Where it lands — A witness is called to confirm a point, not to rule on the case.
Qur'an 6:115 — Surat al-An'am (The Cattle), verse 115
“The word of thy Lord doth find its fulfilment in truth and in justice: None can change His words: for He is the one who heareth and knoweth all.”
Cited for
Christians say that if none can change God's words, the Bible cannot have been changed.
The response
The verse says God's (﷾) word is fulfilled in truth and justice. Ibn Kathir explains "none can change His words" as meaning no one can turn back God's (﷾) judgement. The same Qur'an says men wrote the Book with their own hands and displaced words from their places. The one Book it promises to guard is the Qur'an.
Where it lands — The verse is about God's (﷾) decree, which no one can overturn, not a promise that no copy of scripture would ever be altered.
Perspectives
Christian reading of the Qur'an
Some Christian writers argue that the Qur'an affirms the Bible that Jews and Christians held in the seventh century. They say it cannot call that Bible corrupt, so a Muslim should follow it.
The Qur'an tells the people of the Injil to judge by what is revealed in it. This assumes the book they held was intact.
Rebuttal
Islam holds that the scripture in their hands was partly altered, not wholly lost, so they could still judge by what Allah (﷾) revealed in it. What survived told of the last Prophet (ﷺ) (7:157). The next verse makes the Qur'an the guardian over that scripture.
The Qur'an tells Jews and Christians to stand fast by the Torah and the Injil.
Rebuttal
The verse also names the revelation that has now come from their Lord. Ibn Kathir, a 14th-century commentator on the Qur'an, says the Torah and Injil, truly followed, lead to belief in the Prophet (ﷺ).
The Qur'an tells Muhammad (ﷺ) to ask those who read the earlier Book if he is in doubt.
Rebuttal
The verse is a condition, and it ends by saying the truth has come to the Prophet (ﷺ) from his Lord. Readers of the earlier Book are witnesses, not judges.
The Qur'an says none can change God's words, so the Bible cannot have been changed.
Rebuttal
The verse is about God's (﷾) decree, which no one can overturn. The same Qur'an says men wrote the Book with their own hands, and it promises to guard only the Qur'an.
The Islamic perspective
A Muslim believes in the Torah God (﷾) gave Moses and the Injil God (﷾) gave Jesus (the good news he preached). He is told to follow the Prophet (ﷺ) and the Qur'an, not the Bible as it now stands. The Qur'an says the scripture in men's hands was partly altered. The revelation was true; the copy is not the original.
The Qur'an condemns those who wrote the Book with their own hands and said it was from God (﷾).
The Qur'an says some displaced words from their places and twisted the Book with their tongues. It says they forgot a good part of the message.
The Qur'an challenges the People of the Book to bring the Torah and read it on food law. It does not tell Muslims to obey it.
The Qur'an commands its readers to follow the revelation sent down to them from their Lord.
The Qur'an says every messenger was sent to be obeyed. It says no one truly believes until he accepts the judgement of the Prophet (ﷺ).
The Qur'an tells all people to believe in Allah (﷾) and His Messenger (ﷺ), and to follow him.
The Qur'an is the guardian over earlier scripture and the measure by which it is judged.
Ibn Abbas told the Muslims not to ask the People of the Book about anything. They changed their Book, while the Muslims' Book is the newest and unchanged.
The Prophet (ﷺ) told Muslims neither to believe nor to deny what the People of the Book relate.
Jeremiah accused his own people of perverting the words of God (﷾). He said the false pen of the scribes had made the law a lie.
God (﷾) promised to guard the Qur'an itself from corruption.