Short answer
No. In John 17:5 Jesus prays: "glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was." Christians read this as Jesus living as God (﷾) before creation. But the Bible often speaks of God's (﷾) plan as if it were already there. Revelation calls Jesus "the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world", yet he was not killed before creation. Peter says Christ was "foreordained before the foundation of the world". Paul says believers were chosen before the world too. Jewish teachers said the name of the Messiah was made before the world. In the same prayer Jesus gives this glory to his disciples (17:22). And he calls the Father "the only true God" (17:3). The Qur'an says Jesus was created, like Adam (3:59).
Full explanation
What the verse says
John 17 is a prayer. Jesus looks up and speaks to the Father. In verse 5 he asks: "glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was." Many Christians say this shows that Jesus lived with God (﷾), as God, before creation. The question is what "had" means here. The rest of the Bible shows a common way of speaking. What God (﷾) has planned is spoken of as already there.
“And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was.”
Slain before the world, but not in fact
Revelation speaks of "the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world" (13:8). Christians do not believe Jesus was killed before creation. They read it as God's (﷾) plan, fixed from the start. Some modern Bibles join "from the foundation" to the names in the book instead. But Peter says it of Christ plainly. Peter says the same of Christ himself. He "was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times" (1 Peter 1:20). Foreordained means planned in advance. So Christ was planned before the world, and appeared later.
“And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world.”
“Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you,”
Believers chosen before the world
Paul uses the same words of ordinary believers. God (﷾) "hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world" (Ephesians 1:4). Grace "was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began" (2 Timothy 1:9). Jesus says the kingdom was "prepared for you from the foundation of the world" (Matthew 25:34). God (﷾) told Jeremiah: "Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee" (Jeremiah 1:5). None of these people lived before creation. They were in God's (﷾) knowledge and plan. So "before the world" does not prove that someone lived then.
“According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love:”
“Who hath saved us, and called us with an holy calling, not according to our works, but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given us in Christ Jesus before the world began,”
“Then shall the King say unto them on his right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world:”
“Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee; and before thou camest forth out of the womb I sanctified thee, and I ordained thee a prophet unto the nations.”
How Jewish teachers spoke
The Talmud, a large collection of Jewish teaching, lists seven things made before the world. They include the Torah, repentance, the Garden of Eden and the name of the Messiah. For the Messiah it quotes Psalm 72:17. Jewish teachers did not take this to mean the Messiah was God. It meant that God (﷾) had planned him from the start. John 17:5 reads naturally in the same way.
A teaching says seven things were created before the world: the Torah, repentance, the Garden of Eden, Gehenna, the Throne of Glory, the Temple and the name of the Messiah. For the Messiah it cites Psalm 72:17, "his name existed before the sun". The same list is in Nedarim 39b.
The same glory, given to the disciples
Some say this must be God's (﷾) own glory, since God (﷾) says: "my glory will I not give to another" (Isaiah 42:8). But later in the same prayer Jesus says: "the glory which thou gavest me I have given them" (John 17:22). So the glory was given to Jesus, and he passed it on to his disciples. If it were the glory that belongs to God (﷾) alone, the disciples would share it too. No Christian says that. In verse 24 he says again that his glory was given to him, "for thou lovedst me before the foundation of the world".
“I am the Lord: that is my name: and my glory will I not give to another, neither my praise to graven images.”
“And the glory which thou gavest me I have given them; that they may be one, even as we are one:”
“Father, I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, be with me where I am; that they may behold my glory, which thou hast given me: for thou lovedst me before the foundation of the world.”
The same prayer names the only true God (﷾)
Jesus begins this prayer by saying who God (﷾) is: "this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent" (John 17:3). He calls the Father the only true God (﷾), and himself the one sent. He prays, and he asks to be given glory. God (﷾) does not pray, and no one gives Him a glory He lacks. The Qur'an says: "The similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam" (3:59). Like Adam, he was created, and he was honoured.
“And this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom thou hast sent.”
“The similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam; He created him from dust, then said to him: "Be". And he was.”
Verse by verse
John 17:5 — Gospel of John, chapter 17, verse 5
“And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was.”
Cited for
Jesus had glory with the Father before the world existed, so he lived before creation as God the Son.
The response
The Bible says the same "before the world" of God's (﷾) plans. The Lamb was "slain from the foundation of the world", and Christ was "foreordained" then. Believers were chosen then too. In the same prayer Jesus gives his glory to the disciples, and calls the Father "the only true God".
Where it lands — "Before the world" in the Bible marks what God (﷾) planned. It does not make Jesus God.
Perspectives
Mainstream Christian
Christians read John 17:5 as Jesus remembering a glory he shared with the Father. They say he had it as God the Son, before creation.
In John 17:5 Jesus speaks of the glory he had with the Father before the world was. So he existed before creation.
Rebuttal
The Bible speaks of God's (﷾) plans as already there. Christ was "foreordained before the foundation of the world" (1 Peter 1:20). The Lamb was "slain from the foundation of the world" (Revelation 13:8). Believers were chosen before the world too (Ephesians 1:4), and they did not live then.
God shares His glory with no one (Isaiah 42:8). Jesus had glory with the Father, so Jesus is God.
Rebuttal
In the same prayer Jesus gives that glory to his disciples: "the glory which thou gavest me I have given them" (John 17:22). So it was glory given to him, not the glory God (﷾) keeps for Himself.
Jesus says "with thee", so he was with the Father in person, not only in a plan.
Rebuttal
What God (﷾) plans and loves is with Him before it comes to be. Jesus says the Father loved him "before the foundation of the world" (17:24). God (﷾) knew Jeremiah before He formed him in the womb (Jeremiah 1:5). The verse never calls Jesus God. In the same prayer he calls the Father "the only true God" (17:3).
The Islamic perspective
Jesus was a created messenger. John 17:5 speaks, in the Bible's usual way, of what God (﷾) planned for him. The same prayer calls the Father the only true God (﷾).
Revelation calls Jesus the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world. Christians read this as a plan, not an event.
Peter says Christ was foreordained before the foundation of the world, and appeared in the last times.
Paul says believers were chosen before the foundation of the world.
The Talmud says the name of the Messiah was made before the world.
Jesus says he gave the glory he was given to his disciples.
In the same prayer Jesus calls the Father the only true God (﷾).
The Qur'an says Jesus is like Adam, created by God's (﷾) command.