Short answer
Yes. Muslims believe Jesus was never killed. God (﷾) raised him up alive, and he will come back before the Last Day. The Qur'an speaks of him as a sign of the Hour, which means the Last Day. The Prophet (ﷺ) said he will come down as a just ruler. He will break the cross and kill the False Messiah, the great deceiver of the last days. He brings no new book. He follows the law given to the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), and he lets a Muslim leader lead the prayer. Christians also expect his return, but the New Testament Gospels tie it to the generation of his first followers. Islam says he comes back as a servant of God (﷾), not as God. It teaches that he will die after his return, as every human being does.
Full explanation
He was raised, not killed
The Qur'an says Jesus was neither killed nor crucified. It says God (﷾) raised him up to Himself. That is why a return is possible at all. So he has not yet died.
“That they said (in boast), "We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah";- but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no (certain) knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not:-”
“Nay, Allah raised him up unto Himself; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise;-”
What the Qur'an says about his return
The Qur'an speaks of Jesus as a sign of the Hour, the Last Day. It also says that all the People of the Book, meaning the Jews and Christians, will believe in him before his death. Ibn Abbas, a companion of the Prophet (ﷺ) in the seventh century, read the sign of the Hour as his return before the end. Al-Tabari was a Qur'an scholar of the tenth century. Ibn Kathir was a scholar of the fourteenth. Both read "his death" as the death of Jesus after he returns.
“And (Jesus) shall be a Sign (for the coming of) the Hour (of Judgment): therefore have no doubt about the (Hour), but follow ye Me: this is a Straight Way.”
“And there is none of the People of the Book but must believe in him before his death; and on the Day of Judgment he will be a witness against them;-”
What the Prophet (ﷺ) said he will do
The Prophet (ﷺ) swore that the son of Mary will come down as a just ruler. He will break the cross, kill the swine and end the jizya, the tax paid by non-Muslims under Muslim rule. Wealth will be so plentiful that no one will accept it. He will hunt down the False Messiah and kill him at the gate of the town of Ludd.
Abu Huraira reports that the Prophet (ﷺ) swore that the son of Mary will soon descend among the Muslims as a just ruler. He will break the cross, kill the swine and end the jizya, and wealth will be so plentiful that no one will accept it. Abu Huraira then recited Qur'an 4:159: none of the People of the Book but will believe in him before his death.
Abu Huraira reports that the Prophet (ﷺ) swore that the son of Mary will soon descend as a just ruler, break the cross, kill the swine and end the jizya, and that wealth will then be so plentiful that no one will accept charity.
Al-Nawwas ibn Sam'an reports the Prophet's (ﷺ) long description of the False Messiah (al-Dajjal). Allah will then send Jesus son of Mary, who will descend at the white minaret east of Damascus, pursue the False Messiah, catch him at the gate of Ludd and kill him. The hadith calls Jesus a prophet of Allah who, with his companions, prays to Allah for help.
He comes as a follower, not with a new book
The Qur'an calls Muhammad (ﷺ) the Seal of the Prophets, the last of them. Jesus' return does not break this. He was a prophet before Muhammad (ﷺ), and he comes back with no new book. He follows the law already given. The Prophet (ﷺ) said Jesus will lead the Muslims as one of them. A narrator of the hadith explains that this means by the Qur'an and the Sunnah, the example of the Prophet (ﷺ). A Muslim leader invites Jesus to lead the prayer, and Jesus declines. He will also die after his return, as the scholars above read 4:159 and as Abu Dawud 4324 says. One who dies is not God.
“Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of Allah, and the Seal of the Prophets: and Allah has full knowledge of all things.”
In 155a Abu Huraira reports that the Prophet (ﷺ) swore the son of Mary will soon descend as a just judge, break the cross, kill the swine and end the jizya. In 155f the Prophet asks how it will be when the son of Mary descends and leads the Muslims as one of them; the narrator Ibn Abi Dhi'b explains that he will lead them by the Book of their Lord and the Sunnah of their Prophet.
Jabir reports that the Prophet (ﷺ) said Jesus son of Mary will descend, and the Muslims' leader will invite him to lead the prayer. Jesus will decline and say that the Muslims' leaders are from among themselves, an honour from Allah to this community.
“And there is none of the People of the Book but must believe in him before his death; and on the Day of Judgment he will be a witness against them;-”
Abu Hurayra reports that the Prophet (ﷺ) said there is no prophet between him and Jesus, and that Jesus will come down. He described him, and said the False Messiah will be destroyed in his time. Jesus will stay on the earth forty years, then he will die (yutawaffa), and the Muslims will pray over him.
What Christians expect
Christians also believe Jesus will return. In Acts, two men in white tell the disciples he will come back as they saw him go. The letter called 2 Thessalonians says that at his coming the Lord will destroy the wicked one. This figure is close to the False Messiah of the hadith. But Christians expect him to return as God the Son, to sit on the throne of glory.
“Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven.”
“And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming:”
“When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory:”
Where the two beliefs part
Both faiths await the same man, and both say he will defeat a great deceiver. The difference is who he is when he comes. In the Qur'an, Jesus will say he only ever told people to worship Allah (﷾), his Lord and theirs. The New Testament has him return as the judge of all, as God the Son. In Mark, Jesus says that even the Son does not know the day or the hour, only the Father. The New Testament Gospels also have him say that "this generation" would not pass until all these things were fulfilled. That generation passed long ago.
“"Never said I to them aught except what Thou didst command me to say, to wit, 'worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord'; and I was a witness over them whilst I dwelt amongst them; when Thou didst take me up Thou wast the Watcher over them, and Thou art a witness to all things.”
“And to you who are troubled rest with us, when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty angels, In flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ: Who shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power;”
“And I saw heaven opened, and behold a white horse; and he that sat upon him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he doth judge and make war.”
“But of that day and that hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels which are in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father.”
“Verily I say unto you, There be some standing here, which shall not taste of death, till they see the Son of man coming in his kingdom.”
“Verily I say unto you, This generation shall not pass, till all these things be fulfilled.”
Perspectives
Mainstream Christian
Christians believe Jesus rose from the dead and went up to heaven. They believe he will come again in glory as God the Son to judge the living and the dead.
Acts records the promise that the same Jesus who was taken up will come back in the same way.
Rebuttal
Islam agrees that Jesus will come back. The difference is who he is: in the Qur'an, a servant who told people to worship Allah (﷾), his Lord and theirs. Al-Tabari and Ibn Kathir read Qur'an 4:159 to mean he dies after his return, and Abu Dawud 4324 says the same.
At his coming he will destroy the wicked one and sit on the throne of his glory.
Rebuttal
Islam agrees that he defeats the False Messiah. In John, judgement is something the Father "committed" to the Son, so it is given, not his own. In Mark he says even the Son does not know the hour, so he returns as a servant, not as God.
The Islamic perspective
Jesus was not killed, and he has not yet died. God (﷾) raised him, and he will descend before the Last Day as a just ruler who follows the law brought by the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). He will kill the False Messiah, live out his life, and die as a servant of God (﷾).
The Qur'an denies that Jesus was killed or crucified, and says God (﷾) raised him up to Himself.
The Qur'an speaks of Jesus as a sign of the Hour. Classical commentators read this as his return before the end.
The Prophet (ﷺ) swore that the son of Mary will descend as a just ruler. He will break the cross, kill the swine and end the jizya.
Jesus will kill the False Messiah at the gate of Ludd.
He returns as one of the Muslims and declines to lead them in prayer. Their leaders, he says, are from among themselves.
He brings no new scripture. The narrator of the hadith explains that he rules by the Book of Allah (﷾) and the Sunnah.
Al-Tabari and Ibn Kathir read Qur'an 4:159 as saying Jesus will die after his return. One who dies is a servant of God (﷾), not God.
The Prophet (ﷺ) said Jesus will stay on the earth forty years and then die. The Muslims will pray over him.