Islam is a complete way of life, and these five acts are its foundation. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said that Islam is built on five: bearing witness that there is no god but Allah (﷾) and that Muhammad (ﷺ) is His messenger, establishing the prayer, giving the zakat, fasting in Ramadan, and the pilgrimage.
Sahih Muslim 16alsoSahih al-Bukhari 8
Shahadadeclaration of faith
Bearing witness that there is no god but Allah (﷾) and that Muhammad (ﷺ) is His messenger. Saying it and meaning it is what makes someone a Muslim.
“Know, therefore, that there is no god but Allah” Qur’an 47:19
Salahprayer
The five daily prayers, at set times through the day, facing Mecca, after washing (wudu).
“And be steadfast in prayer; practise regular charity; and bow down your heads with those who bow down (in worship).” Qur’an 2:43
Zakatalmsgiving
Giving 2.5 per cent of savings and other wealth that has stayed at or above a minimum (the nisab) for a lunar year, to the poor and others named in the Qur'an.
“practise regular charity” Qur’an 2:43
Sawmfasting in Ramadan
No food, drink or sexual relations from dawn to sunset through the month of Ramadan, for those able to fast.
“O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you, that ye may (learn) self-restraint” Qur’an 2:183
Hajjpilgrimage to Mecca
The pilgrimage to the Kaaba in Mecca, once in a lifetime, for those who are physically and financially able.
“Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to Allah,- those who can afford the journey” Qur’an 3:97